Anxiety
Treating Anxiety through Talk Therapy

Of the great variety of mental disorders that are recognized by our society today, generalized anxiety disorder (or GAD) is perhaps one of the more common. This type of disorder is characterized by "excessive, exaggerated anxiety and worry about everyday life events with no obvious reasons for worry" (MedicineNet, 1). People with anxiety symptoms thus tend to expect disastrous consequences for any simple life event or decision and cannot stop worrying about issues such as health, family, personal life, etc. Yet this worry is often unrealistic, and is a symptom of the disease, though the individual experiencing it may not fully realize this facet. Though GAD is sometimes mild, at other times it can affect the way in which an individual functions. The paragraphs that follow will analyze anxiety disorders of various kinds, and will also provide some treatment options for them, in order to better…...

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Works Cited:

"Anxiety Symptoms, Causes, Types, Signs and Treatment on MedicineNet.com." Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .

Mann, Denise. "Talk Therapy May Help Treat Social Anxiety." WebMD - Better Information. Better Health. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .

"Therapy | Anxiety Disorders Association of America, ADAA." Anxiety Disorders Association of America, ADAA | Anxiety Disorders Are Real, Serious, and Treatable. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .

, 1998, 1134). Altogether, the study was conducted for a period of twelve weeks. After completing six, more patients responded positively to the phenelzine therapy as opposed to CBGT and the other two included in the study (Heimberg et al., 1998, p. 1137). After completing the twelve weeks assessment, CBGT and phenelzine received the same result (Heimberg et al., 1998, p. 1137). Moreover, post treatment indicated that patients who had undergone the two therapies experienced less fear and anxiety in pattern thinking and real life situations. Although response was later in regards to CBGT effectiveness, phenelzine treatment, like in many situations when medication is administered, may be less indicated as it determines the patient to become dependent. Moreover, while CBGT promotes a proactive attitude in controlling anxiety, medication may determine the patient to rely exclusively on such therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, on the long run, the outcome is more favorable for…...

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Reference List

Blomhoff, S., Haug, T.T., Hellstrom, K., Holme, I., Humble, M., Madsbu, H.P., Wold, J.E. (2001). Randomised controlled general practice trial of sertraline, exposure therapy, and combined treatment in generalized social phobia. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 23-30. doi: 10.1192/bjp.179.1.23

Clark, M.D. (2001). A cognitive perspective on social phobia. In W.R. Crozier & L.E. Alden (Eds.), International Handbook of Social Anxiety: Concepts, Research and Interventions Related to the Self and Shyness (pp. 405-430). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Heimberg, R.G. (Ed.). (1995). Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Heimberg, R.G., Liebowitz, M.R., Hope, D.A., Schneier, F.R., Holt, C.S., Welkowitz, L.A., Juster, H.R., Campeas, R., Bruch, M.A., Cloitre, M., Fallon, B., & Klein, D.F. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs. phenelzine therapy for social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 1133-1141. Retrieved from  http://www.ebbp.org/resources/Anxiety_RCT_Heimberg.pdf

Anxiety Co-Occuring Disorder
The following paper gives information about the ailment known as anxiety and its relationship with co-occurring diseases. The paper also highlights the history of this disease and focuses on the important personalities involved in the discovery of this disease. The paper also incorporates a research on the topic and discusses the important findings of the research. The paper also gives the impacts of anxiety and co-occurring diseases on human demeanor and how do therapists deal with such people.

Anxiety

Human beings are faced with all sorts of stress in their lives. Anxiety is the reaction of a normal human to stress. This reaction, if in a limit, is beneficial as it helps the human brain to counter the stress. Excessive response is unnecessary and therefore it is harmful for human beings. For some people, anxiety becomes excessive and thus it is considered as anxiety disorder. Excessive anxiety is also difficult…...

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References

Casa Palmera. (2009). Anxiety Disorder Symptoms and Co-Occurring Disorders. California: Casa Palmera. p. 1.   / [Accessed: 11 Sep 2013].http://casapalmera.com/anxiety-disorder-symptoms-and-co-occurring-disorders 

Gil-Rivas, V., Prause, J. And Grella, C. (2009). 'Substance Use following Residential Treatment among Individuals with Co-occurring Disorders: The Role of Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms and Trauma Exposure'. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23 (2), pp. 304-314. Retrieved from:   / [Accessed: 12 September 2013].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753528 

Hazelden Foundation (2013). What Are Co-occurring Disorders?. Center City: Hazelden Foundation, pp. 1-2.

Reuschel, L. (2011). GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLSCENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE. Bloomington: Illinois State University. pp. 1-2.   [Accessed: 11 Sep 2013].http://psychology.illinoisstate.edu/cc/Comps/Reuschel%20-%20GAD.pdf 

Anxiety is a psychological condition that pesents physiological and psychiatic symptoms and has pofound social impacts on the lives of those who have anxiety disodes. Thee ae seveal psychological conditions that ae consideed anxiety disodes, including genealized anxiety, obsessive compulsive, panic, and post-taumatic stess disodes. These disodes can be continuous o episodic, depending upon the manifestation of a peson's symptom.
Anxiety is a tem used by the geneal public to descibe non-pathological, 'nomal' esponses to stessos, but the psychological disodes unde the umbella of anxiety involves expeiences which intefee with an individual's ability to function and may cause exteme distess. An individual expeiencing eithe continuous o episodic a nxiety might feel physiological symptoms, including muscula tension and hypeventilation, physical symptoms, including nausea and insomnia, and well as mental appehension and panic (Healy 2009).

Panic disode, which may affect up to six million Ameicans, is often chaacteized by the physical symptoms accompanying "sudden…...

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references and further reading you must purchase this article.

Strauss, Cyd CS

Koponen, Hannu, MD, et al. (2007). "Efficacy of Duloxetine for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Implications for Primary Care Physicians" Primary Care Companion: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Vol 9, Iss. 2. 100-107

Katzelnick, David JM.D, et al. (2002). "Impact of Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder in Managed Care" American Journal of Psychiatry. Volume 63, Supplement. Pp. 24-34.

National Institute of Mental Health. (2010) Anxiety Disorder. Retrieved Fromhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/anxiety-disorders.shtml

If a student feels uncomfortable with the idea that he has to follow some counselor sessions, he should think this way: "positive effects of receiving personal counseling suggest that any counselor in training would benefit from the experience, which is consistent with personal counselling requirements instituted by many programs nationwide" (Mancillas, Adriea).

The newest methods in Counselor Programs are the ones who have a technological base: "Counselor educators can promote pedagogical principles of active learning through these technological methods [...] Course website, Presentations with Graphic Software Packages, Movie Clips, Videoconferencing, Video Taping in Observation Lab (aggerly, J.)

Following the same line, a Practicum CD-Rom appeared as a guidance to an online Counselor Program: "The purpose of the Practicum CD-ROM is to help orient practicum students to the clinical practicum site, its policies and procedures, documentation and assessment, clinical training and resources, and the internship process" (Daire, a.P. & Rasmus, S).

Technology is very…...

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Bibliography

Anxiety and Panic Disorders, Finding Voice, University of Michigan, retrieved February 9, 2007, at  http://sitemaker.umich.edu/findingvoice/anxiety 

Baggerly, J., Practical technological applications to promote pedagogical principles and active learning in counsellor education, Journal of technology in counseling, Vol. 2_2, retrieved February 9, 2007, at http://jtc.colstate.edu/vol2_2/baggerly/baggerly.htm

Counseling Laboratory Manual (2005, spring), Division of Counselor Education & Psychology Counselor Education Program, Delta State University, retrieved February 9, 2007, at http://www.deltastate.edu/docs/coe/Counselor_Education_Counseling_Laboratory_Manual.pdf

Daire, a.P. & Rasmus, S., a CD-Rom supplement to practicum in counselor education, Journal of technology in counseling, Volume 4, Issue 1, retrieved February 9, 2007, at http://jtc.colstate.edu/Vol4_1/Daire/Daire.htm

The plan must also allow only reasonable time for documentation and updating (Greenwood 1996). The depth and breadth of the initial assessment and care plan, the tool format and the amount of writing required are the other factors. And the written care plan must, most importantly, be readily accessible. If not, it becomes unusable. The nurse cannot be expected to memorize data or make unrealistically frequent visits to the nurses' station to acquire information. Relying on colleagues and repeated asking for information from the patient can affect the nurse's professional credibility (Greewood).

Part 3 - Drugs and Their Side Effects

The use of drugs in the care of anxiety patients has been associated with falls. These drugs are mostly anti-psychotics and benzodiazepines and other psychoactive ones that affect patient cognition, balance and motor coordination, pulse and blood pressure (Cooper 1993). Reports said that half of nursing home patients experienced a fall in…...

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Bibliography

Cooper, James W. Drugs that Cause Falls in the Nursing Home. Nursing Homes: Medquest Communications, LLC, Jan 2003.  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3830/is_n4_v42/ai_14041258 

Frazier, Susan K. Critical Care Nurses' Assessment of Patients' Anxiety. American Journal of Critical Care: American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, May 1993.  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_mONUB/is_1_11/ai_91087518 

Critical Care Nurses' Beliefs About and Reported Management of Anxiety. Jan 2003.  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_mONUB/is_1_2/ai_96695972 

Greenwood, Donna. Nursing Care Plans. Nursing Management: Springhouse Corporation, March 1996.  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3619/is_199603/ai_n8750675

Ten percent with the short gene - and who experienced four or more life stresses - accounted for nearly 25% of the 133 cases of depression. The finding could lead to new therapies or diagnostic tests for vulnerability to depression, says Caspi (2003).
Uncontrollable life events may not only lead to depression, but to anxiety disorder as well: "Very often, we find that people have more than one condition -- both depression and anxiety disorder," says Charles Goodstein, MD a professor of psychiatry at New York University School of Medicine, with a clinical practice in Tenafly, N.J. "As a matter of fact, it's very hard to find patients who are depressed who don't also have anxiety. it's equally hard to find people with anxiety who don't have some depression." (Davis, 2006)

Sadness, depression, and anxiety are often triggered by life events. Financial pressures, relationships and family problems can trigger this triple…...

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References

Barrett, S., and Heubeck, B.G. (2000). Relationships between school hassles and uplifts and anxiety and conduct problems in grades 3 and 4. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21, 537-554.

Bieling, Peter J., & Antony, Martin M. (2003)Ending the Depression Cycle: a Step-by-Step Guide for Preventing Relapse. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

Bieling, Peter J., Antony, Martin M. (1998). The Stait/Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait version: Structure and content re-examined. Behaviour Research and Therapy. Vol. 36(7-8) Jul-Aug 1998, 777-788.

Caspi, Avshalom, MD. (2003) Gene Doubles Risk of Depression in Some: People With Certain Gene Variation More Vulnerable to Depression. Science, 92, 310-330.

Anxiety disorders are a varied and complicated set of physical and psychological problems that affect more than twenty million Americans. The disorders, which include general anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorders, and phobias, can often exert a disabling influence upon the individual's life, and disrupt his or her personal and social interactions. Treatments focus upon helping the individual to identify and understand the irrationality of their anxiety, and to assist them in facing up to their fears.
Anxiety

Anxiety is, "one of the main motivating forces in much of human behavior" (eck & Emery, 1985, p. 13), and is a normal reaction to a threatening object or situation. It produces a wide range of physiological and psychological effects that are often described as preparing the body for primitive 'fight or flight'. These symptoms result from the increased amount of adrenaline that is produced by the sympathetic nervous system, which causes an increase in…...

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Bibliography

Beck, A.T., & Emery, G. (1985). Anxiety Disorders and Phobias. New York: Harper Collins.

Anxiety disorders. (1996, July-August). Public Health Reports. 111(4), 293.

Sainsbury, M. (1980). Key to Psychiatry (3rd ed.). Brookvale: ANZ.

Anxiety

Anxiety Lahey
Anxiety, Mood and Delusional Disorders

Stress and anxiety related disorders are often derived of a complex set of overlapping symptoms and conditions. Anxiety disorders will frequently be encompassed by mood or personality related disorders and can collectively render a debilitating set of effect for the subject. The incapacity to control stress, to limit the physiological or emotional panic produced by stressful situations or to go about one's daily life with functional normalcy are all factors which can magnify and intensify an already imposing condition. However, the importance of diagnosing and managing an anxiety-related disorder transcends even the dense symptomology of these conditions. Indeed, as our research has shown, there is not only a high level of comorbidity where anxiety disorders and other more advanced psychological dysfunctions are concerned, but that a failure to reign in the conditions and symptoms of a stress disorder can actually lead directly to the emergence…...

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Works Cited:

Breslau, N. (2002). Epidemiologic Studies of Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Other Psychiatric Disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47. 923-929.

Chopra, S. (2009). Delusional Disorder. MedScape.

Hersen, M., Turner, S. & Beidel, D. (2007). Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis. John Wiley and Sons.

A person with dysthymia may not be actively suicidal or have trouble getting out of bed in the morning, but he or she is plagued by a nagging sense of despair and worthlessness that sap the joy out of life.
The other major category of mood disorder is that of bipolar disorder and cyclothymia. Bipolarity manifests itself in rapid, extreme mood shifts from mania to depression. Manic periods are often preceded by a hypomanic phase, in which the person is extremely productive, needs little sleep, and may feel extremely confident and creative. However, the risk-taking behavior grows more marked as the patient enters the fully manic phase, and the sufferer becomes increasingly distracted, grandiose, and unpredictable in his or her behavioral patterns. At its most extreme, mania may be misdiagnosed for schizophrenia because of the patient's delusions of grandeur. Depression amongst the bipolar is often more extreme and results in…...

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References

Bipolar disorder. (2008). Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence.

Retrieved April 8, 2011 at  http://health.yahoo.net/channel/bipolar_treatments 

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association.

Washington, DC: Author.

Abnormal Psychology Questions Q1. According to your text please describe how negative reinforcement increases the avoidance behaviors often associated with anxiety.
Negative reinforcement refers to the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus to reward behavior. Using operant conditioning in a laboratory experiment, this might be accomplished by the withdrawal of an unpleasant sound when the desired behavior is completed. However, in the real world, for someone experiencing anxiety, the usual way in which someone suffering from this psychological disorder deals with the unpleasant feelings of anxiety (pounding heart, sweating, and racing thoughts) is to withdraw from the situation and avoid the triggering stimulus. Although this, on the surface, might seem to be sensible on the one hand, on the other hand it can result in the anxious individual becoming socially withdrawn or avoiding positive life experiences because of the fear. For fears of very common things—such as driving—it can significantly impair the individual’s…...

I would also suggest that if the subjective anxiety were preventing me from accomplishing my wants that it would be at the level of a pathology. For example, I have no desire to go up on scaffolding, but if I were an agoraphobe who was missing my child's wedding because I could not bring myself to go into public, I believe that condition would be interfering with my wants.
Clearly, I do believe that there are some conditions where subjective distress is indicative of a disorder. However, I also fervently believe that both psychologists and psychiatrists are likely to over diagnose people, turning normal variation into illness. Normal and average are not the same thing, and they should not be treated as such by mental health professionals. I believe that simple phobias are probably the best candidate for being excluded from the DSM. Specific phobias rarely meaningfully impact quality of…...

Beck Anxiety Inventory Test
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) test was created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck and other colleagues, and is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used for measuring the extent and intensity of an individual's anxiety.

The items describe anxiety on four different ways:

(1) Subjective (e.g., "unable to relax"), (2) neurophysiologic (e.g., "numbness or tingling"), (3) autonomic (e.g., "feeling hot") or (4) panic-related (e.g., "fear of losing control." Individuals respond in a range that varies form "not at all" to feeling "severe anxiety"

Anxiety is known to possess various components, but Beck merely introduced two measures, cognitive and somatic. The cognitive scale evaluates impaired thoughts and cognitive processing whereas the somatic scale measures symptoms of physiologic arousal.

The BAI is mostly used in circumstances where somatic arousal is highest, such as with panic disorder, since the majority of the questions (15 out of 21) deal with somatic symptoms. For these…...

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References

Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G. And Steer, R.A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.

DeAyala, R.J., Vondeharr-Carlson, D.J., & Kim D. (2005). Assessing the reliability of the beck anxiety inventory scores. Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 65, 5, 742-756.

Eack, S.M. & Singer, J.B. & Greeno, C.G. (2006). Screening for anxiety and depression in community mental health: The Beck anxiety and depression inventories. Community Mental Health Journal.

Grant, M. Beck Anxiety Inventory. Retrieved from:

Homeopathic emedies for Anxiety
Homeopathy

Homeopathy is a branch of medical science which mainly deals with medicines. This system was invented by a German medical practitioner, Samuel Christian Hahnemann (1755). It is combination of Greek words Homeo and Pathos. Homeo means similar in nature and pathos means treatment or cure. Together the term Homeopathy means a branch of medical science which cures the disease through similar effect. In this system of medicines, the drug is similar to the disease in nature and the effects produced by the medicine are used to nullify the effects of the disease. Hence it follows the rule of 'like can cure like'. Homeopathy enjoys much fame among the medical practitioners and the patients because of its effective healing capacity without any harmful side effects. People believe in its harm free nature, hence, prefer to use it (as cited in Shand et al., 2005).

Underlying principle of homeopathy

The body…...

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References

Connor, K.M., Payne, V. And Davidson, J.R. (2006). Kava in generalized anxiety disorder: three placebo-controlled trials. Int Clin Psychopharmacol;21:249 -- 253.

Coulter M., and Dean, M. (2007). Homeopathy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or Hyperkinetic Disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev;(4).

Feingold, E. (2008). The Complete Self-Care Guide to Homeopathy, Herbal Remedies and Nutritional Supplements: Everything You Need to Know About These Essential Natural Alternatives for Health. Whitston Publishing Co. Ltd.

Frei, H., Everts, R., von Ammon, K., Kaufmann, F., Walther, D., Hsu-Schmitz, S.F., Collenberg, M., Fuhrer, K., Hassink, R., Steinlin, M., and Thurneysen, A. (2005). Homeopathic treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial. Eur J. Pediatr., 164:758-767.

For example, a person with high anxiety over having high blood pressure may have a family history of heart attacks (Pinel, 2006).
Mood or Affective Disorders

Many people feel depressed sometimes, for example, after a tragic event, such as the death of a loved one. However, most people are able to recover from depression. Individuals with mood or affective disorders like major depression or bipolar affective disorder experience extreme sadness and/or mania throughout their entire lives.

Those with major depression are plagued with profound sadness and/or the inability to feel pleasure (Kring, et.al., 2007, 230). uch depression may be so severe that it makes it painful to keep up with everyday activities (Pinel, 2006). Those with major depression may not be able to fall or stay asleep, while others may complain of being tired even after sleeping for hours (Kring, et.al., 2007, 230). Individuals with bipolar affective disorder experience periods of major…...

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Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders

Somatoform disorders are characterized by the complaint of certain bodily symptoms that may suggest a physical defect or dysfunction, many times exaggerated, for which no physiological basis can be discovered (Kring, et.al, 2007, 159). For example, pain disorder, body dysfunction disorder, and so on. Dissociative disorders, on the other hand, are disruptions of consciousness (Kring et.al., 2007, 159). As such, a person with a dissociative disorder may lose their sense of self-awareness, memory and even identity (Kring et.al., 2007, 159). Examples of dissociative disorders include dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder.

Individuals

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The client generally expects to receive a diagnosis, but also to be given information that will help him or her address current and past issues in order to move forward in life. There could be a very specific problem the client is having, or it might be an overarching feeling or problem, like depression or anxiety. Therapists expect clients to focus on the treatment options and advice they are given, and to take the relationship seriously. If clients are not willing to put in the work it takes to get better, it is very difficult for a therapist to actually....

Negative Effects of Homework Essay Titles

1. Helpful or Harmful?  The Truth About Homework
2. Why the World’s Most Successful Countries Are Abandoning Homework
3. Get a Life: How Homework Destroys the Work-Life Balance for Students and Teachers
4. Reinforcing Bad Habits: How Homework Actually Harms the Students Who Are Most At-Risk
5. Is Homework Ever Useful?
6. Is Homework Training Students to Think a 60-Hour Work Week Is Normal?
7. Stress and Stupidity: Can Homework Make Kids Dumber?
8. Homework, Housework, Happiness: How Assigning Too Much Homework Keeps Students Too Busy to Learn About Real Life
9. Assignments and Anxiety: The Impact of Homework on Parental Stress Levels and Household Harmony
10. Homework Harpies: Does How Students Feel About....

Gestalt therapy is rooted in the idea that all people experience things subjectively.  In other words, not only are people not objective about their experiences, but people are not supposed to be objective about their experiences.  Furthermore, even therapists cannot be objective about experiences, as their own context and background influence how they approach scenarios. Therefore, instead of substituting their judgment about a clients’ experiences, therapists are called to accept that their clients are relaying the truth, or at least the client’s subjective truth, about their own experiences.

Because of this approach, Gestalt therapy is not as strictly....